App is an application that runs outside the SharePoint server. It will be executed on the client side. App can be considered as small web application that can be re-used anywhere.
Apps communicate with SharePoint via OData and CSOM.
There are certain limitations using farm solutions or Sandboxed solutions.
There are 3 types of Apps
1. Provider Hosted App - Designed to deploy it in separate server environmet
2. Auto-Hosted App - Designed to deploy it in Azure
3. SharePoint-Hosted App - Designed to deploy it in your local SharePoint environment
You can develop Apps using Visual Studio 2012 or NAPA
Apps Advantages:
- Easy to Install, Buy and Sell from App Store
- Scalability
- Reusablity
- Stability
If you want to download Sample Apps
http://apps.codeplex.com/releases/view/91377
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